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Blur is a visual phenomenon characterized by the blending of boundaries, contours, and details of an image or object into a less distinct state. It occurs in cases where there is a loss of clarity and sharpness, causing objects to lose their usual shapes and become less distinguishable.

In nature and technology, blur can manifest in various ways. In photography, videography, and optics, blur occurs when an image is out of focus, often due to motion, depth of field, or lens parameters. Visually, it is expressed through smooth transitions of tones and colors, absence of sharp lines, which affects the perception of form and structure.

Blur can have spatial or temporal dimensions. Spatial blur relates to objects appearing unclear in a certain area of the frame, for example when parts of a scene are outside the focus zone. Temporal blur usually arises from the movement of an object or camera, leading to stretching and smearing of the object along the direction of motion.

The physical causes of blur lie in the nature of light, optical systems, sensor characteristics, and human vision. It may be caused by diffraction, light scattering, atmospheric phenomena, as well as equipment features such as lens quality or camera settings.

In the environment, blur appears as indistinct outlines due to fog, haze, rain, air movement, or other natural factors. Blur is also closely connected to the perception of distance and depth, since objects that are far away are usually seen less clearly.

The use of images with blurred elements covers a variety of subjects including landscapes, portraits, architecture, and macro photography. Blur helps to highlight important parts of a scene, creating an effect of presence and realism, and also emphasizes the spatial and temporal parameters of objects.

Blur

Portrait of a Woman Against the Evening Lights

Scene of a rainy city street with a tram and neon lights

City Street on a Rainy Night with a Tram