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Fluidity is a fundamental physical property of materials that characterizes a substance's ability to change shape under the influence of external forces while maintaining continuity and without breaking. This term is actively used in various fields of science and technology, including fluid mechanics, materials science, physics, and engineering.

In the context of liquids and gases, fluidity is usually associated with the ability of a substance to move and deform when an effort is applied. It manifests through the ability of a liquid to take the shape of the container it is in, as well as freely move from one point to another. For gases, this also means the possibility of spreading into the surrounding space, filling the available volume.

In materials science and mechanics, fluidity refers to the properties of solid bodies, especially ductile and viscous-plastic materials, which can undergo deformation under load without immediate failure. Such materials can change their shape under prolonged application of external forces or at elevated temperatures, exhibiting behavior reminiscent of liquids. Examples include metals during hot processing, polymers and plastics, as well as some rock types and ice.

Fluidity depends on numerous factors, including temperature, pressure, chemical composition, and material structure. In liquids and gases, fluidity is described by parameters such as viscosity, density, and volume, while in solids, it is characterized by yield strength, deformability, and elastic and plastic moduli.

In nature and technology, fluidity manifests in various forms: the movement of rivers and ocean currents, blood flow in vessels, deformation of plastic materials in manufacturing processes, and the formation of relief under the influence of erosion, among many others. Studying fluidity allows us to understand, predict, and control the behavior of materials and media under different conditions, which has practical significance in construction, mechanical engineering, medicine, and ecology.

Thus, fluidity is a key property of matter that reveals the dynamics and variability of shapes, movements, and interactions of substances in nature and technology.

Fluidity

Abstraction of flowing liquid, colored waves on black background

Flowing Liquid Form on Black Background

Close-up of an oil droplet reflecting light on a yellow surface

Drop of Oil on the Surface of a Liquid

Energetic flowing stream of orange liquid with air bubbles

Dynamic Stream of Orange Liquid with Bubbles