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Asphalt is a construction material widely used in road construction and urban infrastructure improvement. It is a mixture of mineral fillers and bitumen — a viscous organic substance that serves as a binding component, giving the material strength and resistance to external factors.

Asphalt is used for creating road surfaces, sidewalks, airfield runways, and other surfaces where strength, durability, and abrasion resistance are required. Its structure consists of a dense layer that ensures even distribution of loads from vehicles and prevents deformation of the base.

External conditions such as temperature, humidity, and intensity of use affect the physical properties of asphalt. The material must withstand temperature fluctuations, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, precipitation, and mechanical loads, while maintaining the ability to self-repair microcracks and preserve waterproofing.

Asphalt pavement is often combined with various infrastructure elements: curbs, storm sewers, road markings, and signs, which ensure safety and convenience of movement. In addition, asphalt surfaces can be found in a wide range of climate zones and landscapes — from densely populated cities to industrial facilities and rural roads.

The technology of laying asphalt involves several stages: base preparation, heating and laying of the asphalt concrete mixture, compaction, and cooling. Each of these stages affects the final quality and operational characteristics of the pavement.

Asphalt is an integral part of modern transportation systems and urban environments, providing convenience and safety of movement on all types of roads and sites. Its structure, composition, and application reflect the versatility and importance of this material in everyday life and infrastructure.